Differences in muscular activity and rates of decline in the pH of the M. longissimus dorsi of lambs subjected to different methods of stunning and slaughter were observed. Lambs electrically stunned by a head-to-leg method had significantly lower initial pH values as compared to animals stunned by an electrical head-only method, or by captive bolt, or without any form of stunning prior to slaughter. When electrical stunning by a head-to-leg method was combined with low voltage (24 V) electrical stimulation during slaughter and bleeding, mean pH values declined at the highest rate and fell to approximately 6.0 within two hours of slaughter. This last procedure, therefore, has the potential to greatly reduce times between slaughter and freezing without increasing the risk of cold shortening and the associated toughness of meat.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1982.34939 | DOI Listing |
J Physiol Sci
November 2016
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
The effects of gravitational loading (G load) on humans have been studied ever since the early 20th century. After the dangers of G load in the vertical head-to-leg direction (+Gz load) became evident, many animal experiments were performed between 1920 and 1945 in an effort to identify the origins of high G-force-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), which led to development of the anti-G suit. The establishment of norms and training for G-LOC prevention resulted in a gradual decline in reports of animal experiments on G load, a decline that steepened with the establishment of anti-G techniques in humans, such as special breathing methods and skeletal muscle contraction, called an anti-G straining maneuver, which are voluntary physiological functions.
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October 2007
Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR.
Purpose: The effective dose, which is related to the stochastic radiation risk, cannot be measured directly. Therefore, conversion coefficients for estimating the effective dose for patients were calculated for fluoroscopy X-ray examinations from the dose area product which can be easily measured.
Materials And Methods: Conversion coefficients were calculated using the PC-based Monte Carlo program PCXMC in software version 1.
N Z Vet J
December 1982
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Massey University.
Differences in muscular activity and rates of decline in the pH of the M. longissimus dorsi of lambs subjected to different methods of stunning and slaughter were observed. Lambs electrically stunned by a head-to-leg method had significantly lower initial pH values as compared to animals stunned by an electrical head-only method, or by captive bolt, or without any form of stunning prior to slaughter.
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