Abnormal mechanical function of the bladder is manifested in a number of ways including higher frequency of involuntary detrusor contractions associated with reduced compliance of the bladder that is responsible for an increase in intraluminal pressure during filling. There are basically two ways to approach experimentally these problems: (1) by studying the neural control of the lower urinary tract function, and (2) by measuring the properties of smooth muscle cells in the bladder wall. Studies on smooth muscle function often do not take the origin of smooth muscle cells into account i.e., whether they were harvested from normal or overactive bladders. Although, this simplistic view may be beneficial to understanding the generation of the spontaneous activity of the bladder, however, it does not sufficiently explain the cell-to-cell propagation of the spontaneous smooth muscle activity. The spontaneous activity of smooth muscle is an important factor that works against the bladder compliance in the filling phase, and may inversely affect the neurally evoked response during micturition. The intensity of spontaneous activity is the age-dependent; it is high in neonatal bladders it is small or almost non-existent in adults and reemerges in older bladders. This review focuses on these age-dependent alterations of spontaneous bladder contractions and describes the possible mechanisms which may have important role in regulating the spontaneous contractions using the rat as an animal model.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10974-005-9003-z | DOI Listing |
Cell Calcium
December 2024
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA. Electronic address:
Interstitial cells of Cajal in the plane of the myenteric plexus (ICC-MY) serve as electrical pacemakers in the stomach and small intestine. A similar population of cells is found in the colon, but these cells do not appear to generate regular slow wave potentials, as characteristic in more proximal gut regions. Ca handling mechanisms in ICC-MY of the mouse proximal colon were studied using confocal imaging of muscles from animals expressing GCaMP6f exclusively in ICC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Top Med Chem
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
Background: Several chemical studies described the physiological efficacy of 1,4- dihydropyridines (DHPs). DHPs bind to specific sites on the α1 subunit of L-type calcium channels, where they demonstrate a more pronounced inhibition of Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle compared to myocardial tissue. This selective inhibition is the basis for their preferential vasodilatory action on peripheral and coronary arteries, a characteristic that underlies their therapeutic utility in managing hypertension and angina.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiophys J
January 2025
Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd. Worcester, MA 01609. Electronic address:
Cells respond to hypo-osmotic stress by initial swelling followed by intracellular increases in the number of osmolytes and initiation of gene transcription that allow cells to adapt to the stress. Here, we have studied the genes that change expression under mild hypo-osmotic stress for 12 and 24 hours in rat cultured smooth muscle cells (WKO-3M22). We find shifts in the transcription of many genes, several of which are associated with circadian rhythm, such as per1, nr1d1, per2, dbp, and Ciart.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChin Med
January 2025
Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju‑gun, 55365, Republic of Korea.
Background: Magnolia kobus DC (MO), as a plant medicine, has been reported to have various physiological activities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. However, vascular protective effects of MO remain incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the vascular protective effect of MO against ferroptosis in a carotid artery ligation (CAL)-induced neointimal hyperplasia mouse model and in aortic thoracic smooth muscle A7r5 cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Proteome Res
January 2025
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0J9, Canada.
Oxylipins, diverse lipid mediators derived from fatty acids, play key roles in respiratory physiology, but the contribution of lung structural cells to this diverse profile is not well understood. This study aimed to characterize the oxylipin profiles of airway smooth muscle (ASM), lung fibroblasts (HLF), and epithelial (HBE) cells and define how they shift when they are exposed to stimuli related to contractility, fibrosis, and inflammation. Using HPLC-MS/MS, 162 oxylipins were measured in baseline media from cultured human ASM, HLF, and HBE cells as well as after stimulation with modulators of contractility and central regulators of fibrosis/inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!