[reaction: see text]. Methodology has been developed to prepare bis-oxazoles via a two-stage iterative process. The sequence begins with C(2)-chlorination of a lithiated oxazole using hexachloroethane. Generation of the C(2)-C(4)(') bond by S(N)Ar substitution with TosMIC anion, followed by conversion to the heterocycle in a one-pot reaction with glyoxylic acid monohydrate, affords the desired bis-oxazole in good yield and purity. The two-stage process allows for efficient synthesis of a tris-oxazole and the first iterative preparation of a tetra-oxazole.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol051244x | DOI Listing |
J Acoust Soc Am
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Beamforming technology using loudspeaker arrays is widely used in sound applications, but current sparse array design methods focus on optimizing a single beam for a single target direction, limiting their applicability to multi-channel sound systems. This paper presents a design method for sparse loudspeaker line arrays to generate wideband frequency-invariant beams in multiple target directions. A model based on tapped delay lines is developed and a two-stage design approach is proposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrief Bioinform
November 2024
School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, 3003 Qianjin Street, 130012 Changchun, China.
Accurate identification of causal genes for cancer prognosis is critical for estimating disease progression and guiding treatment interventions. In this study, we propose CPCG (Cancer Prognosis's Causal Gene), a two-stage framework identifying gene sets causally associated with patient prognosis across diverse cancer types using transcriptomic data. Initially, an ensemble approach models gene expression's impact on survival with parametric and semiparametric hazard models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 49, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
This paper presents a method for lossless compression of images with fast decoding time and the option to select encoder parameters for individual image characteristics to increase compression efficiency. The data modeling stage was based on linear and nonlinear prediction, which was complemented by a simple block for removing the context-dependent constant component. The prediction was based on the Iterative Reweighted Least Squares () method which allowed the minimization of mean absolute error.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
December 2024
Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
This paper investigated a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based integrated satellite-terrestrial network (ISTN), where each user can select to access a terrestrial base station (BS) or the satellite according to the capacity of BS and their individual transmission requirements. A two-stage algorithm is proposed to solve the achievable sum rate maximizing resource optimization problem. In the first stage, user associations are determined based on individual preference lists and the backhaul capacities of the access points (APs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStruct Equ Modeling
May 2024
Psychology & Neuroscience and Sociology, University of North Carolina.
Model-Implied Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Squares (MIIV-2SLS) is a limited information, equation-by-equation, non-iterative estimator for latent variable models. Associated with this estimator are equation specific tests of model misspecification. One issue with equation specific tests is that they lack specificity, in that they indicate that some instruments are problematic without revealing which specific ones.
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