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Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Implementation in Nigeria: Lessons for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Nicotine Tob Res
July 2019
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
Background: Nigeria is a significant tobacco market and influential country in Africa. Nigeria ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2005. We reviewed Nigeria's tobacco control legislation since 2000 and compliance of the National Tobacco Control Act (NTCA) 2015 with the FCTC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Their Own Words: Research Misconduct from the Perspective of Researchers in Malaysian Universities.
Sci Eng Ethics
December 2018
Pusat Citra UKM, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published data and studies on research misconduct, which focuses on researchers in Malaysia, is still lacking, therefore, we decided that this was an area for investigation. This study provides qualitative results for the examined issues through series of in-depth interviews with 21 researchers and lecturers in various universities in Malaysia. The aims of this study were to investigate the researchers' opinions and perceptions regarding what they considered to be research misconduct, their experience with such misconduct, and the factors that contribute to research misconduct.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow much measurement independence is needed to demonstrate nonlocality?
Phys Rev Lett
March 2011
Department of Mathematics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom.
If nonlocality is to be inferred from a violation of Bell's inequality, an important assumption is that the measurement settings are freely chosen by the observers, or alternatively, that they are random and uncorrelated with the hypothetical local variables. We demonstrate a connection between models that weaken this assumption, allowing partial correlation, and (i) models that allow classical communication between the distant parties, (ii) models that exploit the detection loophole. Even if Bob's choices are completely independent, all correlations from projective measurements on a singlet can be reproduced, with mutual information between Alice's choice and local variables less than or equal to one bit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe fertility impact of temporary migration in China: a detachment hypothesis.
Eur J Popul
June 2000
This paper expands the migration-fertility linkage literature by examining the fertility impact of temporary migration in Hubei, China. The central hypothesis is that temporary migration affects migrants' fertility through a detachment process: The separation of temporary migrants' actual residence from their de jure residence creates a loophole in family planning administration, weakening the social control over their fertility. The analysis of annual order-specific births since 1979 suggests that temporary migrants exhibit significantly higher probabilities of having a second birth than permanent migrants and nonmigrants once type of residence is controlled for: rural-rural temporary migrants have the highest fertility among all groups examined.
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