In patients with multiple myeloma, irradiation of bone marrow prior to mobilization of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) may lead to a reduced yield of CD34+ cells. Quantitative effects have not been sufficiently assessed. We retrospectively performed a multivariate analysis in 114 patients (67 men, 47 women) with multiple myeloma, of whom 53 (47%) patients had been irradiated prior to mobilization chemotherapy. High-dose cyclophosphamide followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used for mobilization in 84% of patients. In addition to previous chemotherapy, we quantitatively evaluated the dose and fractionation of prior irradiation, the volume of the irradiated bone marrow, and the time interval between radiation therapy and mobilization of PBPCs. The median volume of irradiated bone marrow was 9% (range 1-30%) of the estimated total hematopoietic bone marrow. The irradiated bone marrow volume and the number of CD34+ cells per kilogram of body weight in the first leukapheresis product showed no correlation. However, the time between irradiation and mobilization seemed to influence the yield of CD34+ cells. A comparison of irradiated patients with nonirradiated patients revealed no differences with respect to the CD34+ cell counts. We did not find a significant influence of the extent or the total dose of irradiation on the yield of CD34+ cells in the first leukapheresis product in patients with multiple myeloma. However, there may be an inverse correlation between the time elapsed since the last irradiation and the number of mobilized CD34+ cells.
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