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Advancing stem cell technologies for conservation of wildlife biodiversity.
Development
October 2024
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Wildlife biodiversity helps keep ecosystems healthy and strong.
- Scientists study this diversity to learn more about life and how it started.
- Due to the rapid loss of various species, immediate action is needed from conservationists, and new techniques like stem cell technologies could help protect animal diversity.
Background: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios.
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- - The GBD 2021 provides updated demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories, covering changes in mortality and life expectancy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic from 1950 to 2021, highlighting the significant impact of the pandemic on global health trends.
- - To estimate mortality and impacts of the pandemic, researchers utilized over 22,000 data sources, including vital registration and surveys, while also accounting for various factors like migration, epidemics, and disasters that affect population health metrics.
- - Advanced statistical methods, specifically spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR), were employed to calculate under-5 and adult mortality rates, which were then used to create life tables, with adjustments made for countries severely affected by
Distinct pathways drive anterior hypoblast specification in the implanting human embryo.
Nat Cell Biol
March 2024
Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Development involves key interactions between the epiblast, trophectoderm, and hypoblast, which play crucial roles in forming the embryo, placenta, and yolk sac, respectively.
- Recent studies using human embryos and stem cell models have revealed how these signaling interactions occur after implantation, with specific dependencies on factors like NODAL and BMP.
- The research demonstrates both conserved and unique requirements for embryonic development in humans compared to mice, underscoring the importance of comparing different species to better understand human embryogenesis.
Animatio: a history of ideas on the beginning of personhood.
J Perinat Med
May 2018
Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
The onset of individual human life has fascinated thinkers of all cultures and epochs, and the history of their ideas may enlighten an unsettled debate. Aristotle attributed three different souls to the subsequent developmental stages. The last, the rational soul, was associated with the formed fetus, and entailed fetal movements.
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