Thoracic aortic aneurysm with dissection is the most common fatal condition involving the aorta. The prevalence of aortic aneurysms appears to be increasing, which may reflect improvements in imaging techniques as well as increased clinical awareness of the condition. Most thoracic aortic aneurysms are caused by atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors of hypertension, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia. The clinical presentation varies and may mimic other more common disease processes. Early recognition on the basis of a focused history, physical examination, appropriate diagnostic studies, and management is essential for good outcomes.
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