[Mutation of mitochondrial 12S rRNA in gastric carcinomas and its significance].

Objective: To detect the alterations of mitochondrial 12S rRNA in patients with gastric cancer, and further evaluate their effects on development of gastric carcinomas.

Methods: Mitochondrial 12S rRNA of 22 samples of gastric cancer tissues and 22 corresponding normal gastric mucosa taken from the distal portion of surgical specimens were PCR amplified, followed by direct DNA sequencing. Laser capture microdissection technique (LCM) was used to isolate cancerous cells and dysplastic cells from patients with specific mutations. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) plus allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), nest-PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were applied to further evaluate this mutant property and quantitative difference of mutant type between cancerous and dysplastic cells. Finally, RNAdraw bio-soft was used to analyze the RNA secondary structure of mutant type 12S rRNA.

Results: Compared with mitomap database, some variations were firstly found, among which np652 G insertion and np716 T-G transversion were only found in cancers. There existed statistically significant difference in variant frequency of 12S rRNA between intestinal type and diffuse type of gastric carcinoma, 5/17 (29.4%) and 12/17 (70.6%) respectively (P < 0.05). DHPLC analysis showed that 12S rRNA np652 G insertion and np716 T-G transversion were heteroplasmic mutation. Variant frequency of 12S rRNA in cancer was higher than that in dysplasia (P < 0.01). 12S rRNA 652G insertion had more adverse effect on secondary structure stability of 12S rRNA than T-G transversion did.

Conclusion: Highly variant frequency of mitochondrial 12S rRNA may be associated with intestinal type of gastric cancer. Most parts of variations exist in both cancer and normal tissues and may not be characteristic of tumor specificity. However np652 G insertion and np716 T-G transversion may possess some molecular significance on gastric cancerogenesis. During the process of progression from normality through dysplasia to cancer, 12S rRNA tended to transit from homoplasmy (wild type) and heteroplasmy to homoplasmy (mutant type, np717 T-G).