Laparoscopic treatment of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.

Background/purpose: We reviewed the selective use of hand-assisted laparoscopic segmentectomy (HALS) and laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy (LCD) in the management of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC).

Methods: We carried out a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of laparoscopic treatment of RPC during the period 1995 to 2004. The perioperative data were analyzed.

Results: There were 33 laparoscopic procedures performed in 30 patients with RPC during the period 1995--2004. There were 23 female and 7 male patients, with a mean age of 63.2+/-14.9 years (range, 29--92 years). All these patients had a history of repeated attacks of cholangitis, and multiple sessions of endoscopic lithotripsy or operative retrieval had previously been attempted. Of these 33 procedures, there were 23 LCDs and 10 HALS. Three patients underwent simultaneous LCD and HALS in the same operation. The mean operative time was 172+/-63.5 min (range, 75--290 min) and there were three open conversions (10%), due to (1) intraoperative bleeding from the left hepatic vein, (2) lost broken tip of ultrasonic dissector, and (3) significant bleeding during choledochotomy, respectively. Average hospital stay was 11.4+/-11.1 days (range, 5--60 days). Eight complications (26.6%) were encountered, which included four bile leaks, three wound infections, and one intraabdominal collection. Complete stone clearance was achieved in all but 1 patient (rate, 96.6%), in whom the residual stones were extracted through a postoperative combined endoscopic and percutaneous approach. Long-term results were satisfactory, and only one stone recurrence was detected, upon a mean follow-up of 34.7 months (range, 1--107 months).

Conclusions: Both LCD and HALS are safe, feasible, and effective treatments for patients with RPC.