Relationship of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scans to histopathological features of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue.

Objective: To investigate the histopathological features of pathologic parathyroid specimens associated with negative preoperative technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scans.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Patients: One hundred fourteen patients who underwent sestamibi scans before surgical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism between 1996 and 2001.

Interventions: Surgical exploration and removal of parathyroid adenomas.

Main Outcome Measures: Histopathological characteristics associated with true-positive and false-negative sestamibi scans, including parathyroid specimen weight, size, relative oxyphil and chief cell content, parathyroid hormone staining patterns, cellular architecture, and various immunohistochemical staining patterns.

Results: Twenty-three (24%) of 98 patients with parathyroid adenomas had negative sestamibi scan results. Among 20 age- and sex-matched patients with false-negative results vs 20 patients with true-positive results, tumor size (P = .04) and oxyphil cell content (P = .03) were found to be significantly different.

Conclusion: Parathyroid gland size and oxyphil content are descriptive and predict differences between sestamibi properties of parathyroid adenomas but have no current therapeutic implications for parathyroid surgery.