Antithrombotic strategies in vascular surgery: evidence and practice.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the current practice of peri and postoperative antithrombotic therapy in vascular surgery in Austria and to compare this with the results of randomised prospective clinical trials.

Methods: A questionnaire assessing intra, postoperative and long-term antithrombotic treatment in 13 different surgical procedures (three supra-aortic, three aorto-iliac reconstructions and seven inguinal and infra-inguinal arterial reconstructions) was sent to all 22 institutions training vascular surgical fellows in Austria.

Results: Intraoperative antithrombotic therapy was quite consistently performed with unfractionated heparin (UFH) with or without acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Early and long-term postoperative therapy differed considerably. Most centres used low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for early postoperative therapy after vascular reconstructions, in > 75% combined with ASA and/or clopidogrel. Long-term therapy consisted of antiplatelet agents in all centres. Vascular grafts were anticoagulated with UFH in 25% of the centres in the early postoperative period, the remaining institutions used LMWH +/- antiplatelet agents. For long-term antithrombotic therapy cumarins were used in 75% of the centres, predominantly for venous grafts. Distal prosthetic grafts were mainly treated with antiplatelet agents. Intraoperative antithrombotic therapy was in accordance to present guidelines, postoperative antithrombotic therapy, however, differed considerably between the participating institutions and the results of available controlled studies.

Conclusion: Optimal antithrombotic strategies during and after vascular surgery are still under debate, and current practice often differs from available evidence. Vascular surgical societies should be encouraged to define recommendations on antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation for different vascular interventions.