Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is considered an animal model of anorexia nervosa (AN). In ABA, scheduled feeding in combination with voluntary access to running wheels, results in hyperactivity, hypophagia, body weight loss and activation of the HPA axis. Since stimulation of the melanocortin (MC) system has similar effects, this system is a candidate system involved in ABA. Here it is shown that chronic alpha-MSH treatment enhances ABA by increasing running wheel activity (RWA), decreasing food intake and increasing HPA axis activation.
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Subanesthetic Ketamine Ameliorates Activity-Based Anorexia of Adult Mice.
Synapse
January 2025
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder with the second highest mortality of all mental illnesses and high relapse rate, especially among adult females, yet with no accepted pharmacotherapy. A small number of studies have reported that adult females who struggled with severe and relapsing AN experienced sustained remission of the illness following ketamine infusions. Two other reports showed that 30 mg/kg IP ketamine can reduce vulnerability of adolescent mice to activity-based anorexia (ABA), an animal model of AN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisordered eating in anorexia nervosa: give me heat, not just food.
Front Public Health
November 2024
Venres Clínicos Unit, College of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
The recommendation to apply external heat to patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) was first documented by William Gull in 1874. Gull encountered this practice during his tenure as a consultant physician, responsible for issuing medical certifications for wealthy clients seeking admission to Ticehurst Asylum, one of the most successful and reputable private asylums in England. Gull attributed the origins of this practice to the studies by Charles Chossat (1796-1875), a physiologist, physician, and politician from Geneva, who discovered the therapeutic effects of heat on starved animals by chance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKetogenic Food Ameliorates Activity-Based Anorexia of Adult Female Mice.
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November 2024
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
Objective: Genome-wide association studies implicate metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa (AN). There are two case reports totaling six adult females who experienced complete remission of AN following a treatment comprised of ketogenic diet (targeting metabolism) with ketamine infusions (targeting psychiatric origins), but no study has determined the efficacy of ketogenic diet, alone. We addressed this gap in knowledge, with exploration of potential molecular mechanisms, using an animal model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActivity-based anorexia (ABA) model: Effects on brain neuroinflammation, redox balance and neuroplasticity during the acute phase.
Neurochem Int
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience - Cagliari, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address:
Several evidences suggest that immuno-inflammatory responses are involved in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN). Herein we investigate the possible alteration of key mediators of inflammation, redox balance, and neuroplasticity in the brain of rats showing an anorexic-like phenotype. We modeled AN in adolescent female rats using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm and measured gene expression levels of targets of interest in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsal hippocampus (DH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRethinking Therapeutic Strategies for Anorexia Nervosa: Insights From Psychedelic Medicine and Animal Models.
Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)
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Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia (Foldi, Oldfield); Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia (Liknaitzky); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Psychedelic Research in Science and Medicine Inc., Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Williams).
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disease, yet available pharmacological treatments are largely ineffective due, in part, to an inadequate understanding of the neurobiological drivers that underpin the condition. The recent resurgence of research into the clinical applications of psychedelic medicine for a range of mental disorders has highlighted the potential for classical psychedelics, including psilocybin, to alleviate symptoms of AN that relate to serotonergic signaling and cognitive inflexibility. Clinical trials using psychedelics in treatment-resistant depression have shown promising outcomes, although these studies are unable to circumvent some methodological biases.
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