During the last five years, research on the relation between pollution loads and ecological river water quality has been done on the Dender river. In addition to biological sampling of macroinvertebrates and fish, automated measurement stations were used too to investigate the spatio-temporal variability of physical-chemical water pollution. This study on on-line water quality data collection is based on a measurement campaign during March-April 2000 with two automated measurement stations at two different sites: the flow control weirs at Geraardsbergen and Denderleeuw. These measurement stations contain sensors for temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH, redoxpotential and dissolved oxygen. Short wave radiation as well as rainfall were monitored by means of pyranometers and rain gauges. A refrigerated sampler with 24 bottles allowed to take samples for additional laboratory analyses. In this study, continuous measurements of two physical-chemical parameters, conductivity and dissolved oxygen, were analysed to evaluate the adequacy of the current monitoring frequency in Flanders. Analysis showed that discrete conductivity measurements can be sufficient for trend detection, but the measuring frequency must be highly increased from one measurement per month to at least 8 measurements. Continuous measurements for conductivity are preferred because extreme values are obtained as well. For dissolved oxygen, a single measurement per month in not enough. The percentage of dissolved oxygen showed a strong diurnal variation with maxima in the late afternoon (photosynthesis) and minima at night (respiration). This parameter also differed significantly from day to day. Continuous measurements are therefore necessary for a reliable assessment of the dissolved oxygen budget of surface waters. When using discrete measurements for dissolved oxygen, a set time should be introduced to eliminate diurnal variation.
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PeerJ
January 2025
Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao, Macao S.A.R., China.
While soundscapes shape the structure and function of auditory systems over evolutionary timescales, there is limited information regarding the adaptation of wild fish populations to their natural acoustic environments. This is particularly relevant for freshwater ecosystems, which are extremely diverse and face escalating pressures from human activities and associated noise pollution. The Siamese fighting fish is one of the most important cultured species in the global ornamental fish market and is increasingly recognized as a model organism for genetics and behavioural studies.
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Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India.
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Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü) Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye.
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Methods: A 2.
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Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523058, China.
Ferroptosis combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a powerful approach to induce cancer cell death by producing and accumulating lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite its efficacy and safety, challenges persist in delivering multiple drugs to the tumor site for enhanced antitumor efficacy and improved tissue targeting. Hence, we designed a method of inducing ferroptosis through laser-mediated and human homologation-specific efficient activation, which is also a ferroptosis therapy with higher safety through ROS-mediated.
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