Intranasal zolmitriptan has recently been launched in the US and Canada and is a novel formulation of the antimigraine drug zolmitriptan. This drug has been used extensively in its oral formulation. The intranasal formulation offers a more rapid onset of action. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that it is absorbed rapidly into the systemic circulation and traces can be seen in the brain within 5 min. The onset of efficacy in the Real Life Intranasal Zolmitriptan Exposure (REALIZE) study was measurable at 10 min and at 15 min in the US 22 study, which demonstrates rapid absorption and effect at the 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors. This article reviews the initial studies of intranasal zolmitriptan; three of the most recent studies will be examined in detail.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.6.6.1019 | DOI Listing |
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Efficacy and safety of intranasal agents for the acute treatment of migraine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
J Headache Pain
September 2023
Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Article Synopsis
- A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of various intranasal treatments for acute migraines in adults, using data from numerous studies up to August 2023.
- Among the treatments evaluated, zolmitriptan nasal spray showed the highest effectiveness for achieving pain freedom at both 2 and 24 hours, while butorphanol was the best at 1 hour but had limited evidence supporting its use.
- Additionally, while dihydroergotamine nasal spray had a high risk of adverse events, zavegepant nasal spray had the lowest risk, making it a safer option for treating acute migraines.
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zolmitriptan nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine in patients aged 6 to 11 years, with an open-label extension.
Headache
October 2022
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of zolmitriptan nasal spray (ZNS) in the acute treatment of migraine headache in patients aged 6 to 11 years.
Background: Triptans have demonstrated efficacy in adults, but pediatric studies of these agents have largely failed and there are few triptan options for these patients. Because lack of response to 1 triptan does not necessarily preclude response to an alternate triptan, additional triptan options for pediatric patients are desirable.
Evaluation of Brain Targeting Potential of Zolmitriptan Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles for Intranasal Drug Delivery.
Pharm Nanotechnol
July 2022
Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani 127021, Haryana, India.
Background: Hydrophilic drugs are poor applicants for brain targeting via oral route due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier that allows only small lipophilic molecules to freely access the brain. Due to unique anatomical connections between the nasal cavity and the brain, intranasal administration can be explored for drug delivery to the brain directly that circumvents the blood-brain barrier too.
Objectives: Zolmitriptan is a widely used antimigraine drug, and its brain targeting by nasal route in the form of mucoadhesive nanoparticles is more effective in migraine treatment as it provides fast relief and good bioavailability as compared to its oral drug delivery.
Nose-to-brain lipid nanocarriers: An active transportation across BBB in migraine management.
Chem Phys Lipids
March 2022
Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India. Electronic address:
The present study focused on the development and evaluation of nanotechnology-based carrier systems of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance the permeation and bioavailability of zolmitriptan across blood-brain-barrier (BBB). SLNs are the emerging field of nanotechnology with numerous applications like cosmetics and pharmaceutical research. Zolmitriptan-loaded SLNs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization method for targeted drug delivery to the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Treatment of Cluster Headache.
Drugs
January 2022
Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
Cluster headache belongs to the group of trigeminal autonomic headaches. This review summarizes drug therapy of cluster attacks and prophylactic treatment. Neurostimulation methods are not addressed.
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