We report our initial experience using real-time (live) three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiographic imaging under conscious sedation as a guide for transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects. We believe this may be a feasible, safe, and effective alternative to the standard practice of transesophageal echocardiography, which requires general anesthesia and endotacheal intubation. Three-dimensional echocardiography may better define atrial septal anatomy and adjacent structures in planning for and performing percutaneous device closure of selected atrial septal defects.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.20378 | DOI Listing |
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