Anomalous arteries that connect the anterior and posterior cranial arterial systems are unusual variants that can severely alter normal patterns of cerebral blood flow. Persistent trigeminal, hypoglossal, otic, and proatlantal arteries have been described. This report illustrates the technical aspects of carotid endarterectomy with an ipsilateral preserved primitive carotid-basilar communication. Identification of the internal carotid and hypoglossal arteries, maintenance of cerebral perfusion, arteriotomy closure, preoperative imaging, the use of shunts, and reconstruction strategy are discussed. Preoperative angiography and detailed, individualized surgical strategy should be used to ensure a successful endarterectomy in patients with preserved primitive carotid-basilar communications.
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NMC Case Rep J
November 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
The most frequent of the embryonic persistent arteries that connect the internal carotid artery to the posterior circulation is the persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), which is recognized on 0.1%-0.6% on the basis of conventional angiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cell Rev Rep
December 2024
Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, CS21010, Bordeaux-Cedex, 3035, France.
To ensure the preservation of functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and committed progenitor cells (HPC) at + 4 °C in ex vivo expanded cord blood cell products during worldwide transportation and subsequent infusion-without the need for washing and cell concentration-we developed a conservation medium called Stabilizer of Expanded Cells (SEC), composed exclusively of injectable pharmacological products. The in vivo engraftment assay in immunodeficient mice was used to detect primitive HSCs before and after preservation at + 4 °C. In some experiments, a complex phenotype based on CD34, CD38, and CD133 expression was utilized for this purpose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
December 2024
College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China. Electronic address:
The lamprey serves as a key model organism for studying the origin and evolution of species, embryonic development, and the immune system. The immune system primarily relies on pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), with Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) having a particularly complex evolutionary history. Currently, although TLR5 is being identified in an expanding array of taxonomic groups, a comprehensive study on its evolutionary aspects is yet to be conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Biobehav Rev
January 2025
Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, Netherlands. Electronic address:
J Hum Evol
January 2025
Laboratory Paleontology, Evolution, Paleoecosystems and Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), UMR 7262 CNRS, University of Poitiers, France.
Detailed descriptions of the maxillae of Siamopithecus eocaenus, discovered from the latest Eocene/earliest Oligocene lignite mine in the Krabi basin of Peninsular Thailand, are presented. They include the morphology of P-M, the palate, a partial orbital region, and the zygomatic root. The specimen exhibits distinctive dental features including a single-rooted P alveolus, a protocone on the P and P, and a true hypocone on the upper molars, indicating its derived anthropoid dentition.
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