Targeted diversification of immunoglobulin variable regions is induced by activation-induced deaminase and may occur by either somatic hypermutation or gene conversion. MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) is a ubiquitous and conserved nuclease complex critical for DNA break repair and is essential in class-switch recombination. Here we show that ectopic expression of NBS1, the regulatory subunit of MRN, accelerated hypermutation in the human B cell line Ramos and accelerated gene conversion in the chicken B cell line DT40. In both cases, accelerated diversification depended on MRN complex formation. These data suggest that MRN promotes DNA cleavage and/or mutagenic repair of lesions initiated by activation-induced deaminase, acting in the shared pathway of immunoglobulin gene diversification.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni1215 | DOI Listing |
Appl Environ Microbiol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China.
Unlabelled: Acetate/acetyl-CoA interconversion is an interesting metabolic node, primarily catalyzed by a set of various enzymes in prokaryotes. is a promising haloarchaeaon, capable of utilizing acetate as a sole carbon source for biosynthesis of high value-added products. Here, we have reported the key enzymes that catalyzed acetate activation in .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
December 2024
College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Alpine wet meadows are known as NO sinks due to nitrogen (N) limitation. However, phosphate addition and N deposition can modulate this limitation, and little is known about their combinative effects on NO emission from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in wet meadows. This study used natural wet meadow as the control treatment (CK) and conducted experiments with N (CONH addition, N15), P (NaHPO addition, P15), and their combinations (CONH and NaHPO addition, N15P15) to investigate how N and P supplementation affected soil NO emissions in wet meadow of QTP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Death Dis
January 2025
College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, PR China.
Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is ubiquitously expressed in both physiological and pathological contexts, yet its precise role and functional mechanism in breast cancer remain elusive. Here, we identified increased AEP expression in breast cancer tissues, which correlated with poorer survival rates and a propensity for lung metastasis among breast cancer patients. Loss of AEP impaired colony formation by breast cancer cells in vitro and suppressed lung metastasis in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ethnopharmacol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome /The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province 510405, China. Electronic address:
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has great potential and advantages in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Wutou decoction (WTD) was first recorded as a pill in the TCM classical book Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 CE). It has significant therapeutic effects in delaying and reversing RA while improving patients' clinical symptoms, making it the best example of TCM treatment for RA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
December 2024
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China. Electronic address:
Garlic and chili are widely used as food flavoring agents in food cooking, therefore might be accumulated in large amounts in food waste (FW). The effects of garlic and chili on the dissolution, hydrolysis, acidification and methanation in an anaerobic co-digestion system were investigated during the combined co-digestion of FW and excess sludge (ES). Additionally, the transformation of phosphorus form and microbial metabolism changes during the process were analyzed.
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