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Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes - the 'forgotten' diabetes complication: a narrative review.
Scand J Prim Health Care
January 2025
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Background: In addition to peripheral neuropathy of various kinds, diabetes can also cause central neuropathy, which among other things can manifest itself as premature cognitive dysfunction, often linked to vascular dysfunction. Although the link between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction was discovered more than 100 years ago and has important clinical implications, this diabetes complication remains relatively unknown. Recent years have seen research that has clarified cerebral insulin resistance and defective insulin signaling as examples of pathogenic factors behind this cognitive impairment in diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of Probiotics in Depression: Connecting Dots of Gut-Brain-Axis Through Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis and Tryptophan/Kynurenic Pathway involving Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase.
Mol Neurobiol
January 2025
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484 887, MP, India.
Depression is one of the most disabling mental disorders worldwide and characterized by symptoms including worthlessness, anhedonia, sleep, and appetite disturbances. Recently, studies have suggested that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a key role in depressed mood through serotonin and kynurenine pathway involving enzyme tryptophan 5-monooxygenase (TPH) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) respectively. Moreover, during neuroinflammation, IDO is activated by proinflammatory cytokines and affects neurogenesis, cognition, disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and gut homeostasis by altering the gut bacteria and its metabolites like Trp derivatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG): indications and results-a systematic review.
Updates Surg
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Obesity is a major global health problem and at the same time a financial burden for social security systems. For a long time, conventional lifestyle interventions have tried unsuccessfully to find a solution. It has been proven that only interventions that ultimately address the central control centers of hunger, appetite and satiety will lead to sustained weight loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPopulation imaging of internal state circuits relevant to psychiatric disease: a review.
Neurophotonics
January 2025
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
Internal states involve brain-wide changes that subserve coordinated behavioral and physiological responses for adaptation to changing environments and body states. Investigations of single neurons or small populations have yielded exciting discoveries for the field of neuroscience, but it has been increasingly clear that the encoding of internal states involves the simultaneous representation of multiple different variables in distributed neural ensembles. Thus, an understanding of the representation and regulation of internal states requires capturing large population activity and benefits from approaches that allow for parsing intermingled, genetically defined cell populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterizing olfactory brain responses in young infants.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Odor perception plays a critical role in early human development, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. To investigate these, we presented appetitive and aversive odors to infants of both sexes at one month of age while recording functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and nasal airflow data. Infants slept during odor presentation to allow MRI scanning.
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