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It has been unclear whether amorphous glassy water heated to around 140-150 K remains glassy until it crystallizes or whether instead it turns into a supercooled and very viscous liquid. Yue and Angell compare the behaviour of glassy water under these conditions to that of hyperquenched inorganic glasses, and claim that water stays glassy as it heats up to its crystallization point; they also find a 'hidden' glass-to-liquid transition at about 169 K. Here we use differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating to show that hyperquenched water deposited at 140 K behaves as an ultraviscous liquid, the limiting structure of which depends on the cooling rate--as predicted by theoretical analysis of the liquid-to-glass transition. Our findings are consistent with a glass-to-liquid transition-onset temperature (T(g)) in the region of 136 K (refs 3,4), and they indicate that measurements of the liquid's properties may clarify the anomalous properties of supercooled water.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03707 | DOI Listing |
RSC Adv
December 2024
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
The synthesis of polymer/oligomer-stabilized metal nanostructures (MNS) opens up a wide range of possibilities, from fundamental materials science to practical applications in domains such as medicine, catalysis, sensing, and energy. Because of the versatility of this synthetic approach, it is a dynamic and ever-changing field of study. These polymers/oligomers have precise control over the nucleation and growth kinetics, allowing the production of mono-disperse MNS with well-defined properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
December 2024
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 5, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
Shirasu balloon (SB) is a hollow glassy sphere produced from volcanic deposits by heating that can float up on water owing to its hollow structure. In this study, a novel adsorbent for the removal of cesium ion in water was developed by the modification of the surface of the SBs with magnetite (Mag) and Prussian blue (PB). The developed adsorbent (PB-Mag-SB) was characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and the magnetism of the adsorbent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
November 2024
INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
In this work, we shall study the role of threefold and fivefold coordination defects in the structure and dynamics of the hydrogen bond network of liquid water, with special emphasis on the glassy regime. A significant defect clusterization propensity will be made evident, with a prevalence of mixed pairs, that is, threefold- and fivefold-coordinated defects being first neighbors of each other. This structural analysis will enable us to determine the existence of defective and nondefective regions compatible with the high local density and low local density molecular states of liquid water, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDalton Trans
December 2024
Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 545, Taiwan.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Material Science Lab, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu 608 002, India.
Herein, we demonstrated that a polycrystalline cobalt oxide/borate (CoO-Bo) hybrid catalyst prepared by coprecipitation followed a simple annealing process with a viable boron source of less hazardous ammonium borate, an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The borate species in the crystalline cobalt oxide lattice provides a tunable polycrystalline morphology with a defect-rich lattice and numerous grain boundaries in the CoO-Bo hybrid electrocatalyst, which significantly boosts the OER activity compared to the crystalline counterparts of CoO and precious IrO in a harsh alkaline electrolyte (1 M KOH). The borate modulated CoO-Bo achieves a 10 mA/cm geometrical current density for the OER with a very low overpotential (η) of 271 mV and small Tafel slope of 34 mV dec, in an inert glassy carbon (GC) support, while only requiring η of 267 and 32 mV dec in a 3D nickel foam (NF) support at the same current density.
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