The self-as-evaluative base (SEB) hypothesis proposes that self-evaluation extends automatically via an amotivated consistency process to affect evaluation of novel in-groups. Four minimal group studies support SEB. Personal trait self-esteem (PSE) predicted increased favoritism toward a novel in-group that, objectively, was equivalent to the out-group (Study 1). This association was independent of information-processing effects (Study 1), collective self-esteem, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and narcissism (Studies 2 and 3). A self-affirmation manipulation attenuated the association between in-group favoritism and an individual difference associated with motivated social identity concerns (RWA) but did not alter the PSE effect (Study 3). Finally, the association between PSE and in-group favoritism remained positive even when the in-group was objectively less favorable than the out-group (Study 4).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.5.801 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
July 2024
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa.
Ingroup favoritism and intergroup discrimination can be mutually reinforcing during social interaction, threatening intergroup cooperation and the sustainability of societies. In two studies (N = 880), we investigated whether promoting prosocial outgroup altruism would weaken the ingroup favoritism cycle of influence. Using novel methods of human-agent interaction via a computer-mediated experimental platform, we introduced outgroup altruism by (i) nonadaptive artificial agents with preprogrammed outgroup altruistic behavior (Study 1; N = 400) and (ii) adaptive artificial agents whose altruistic behavior was informed by the prediction of a machine learning algorithm (Study 2; N = 480).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly Hum Dev
January 2024
Psychology Department, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Two novel parenting terms are introduced into the literature on parent-child relationships. The first term, assortative parenting, references a familiar, but poorly defined concept regarding parental affinity for a given child. The second term, assortative cross-parenting, denotes a previously unrecognized relationship phenomenon, namely parental attraction to a child who displays favored qualities expressed by the parent's partner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeople selectively help others based on perceptions of their merit or need. Here, we develop a neurocomputational account of how these social perceptions translate into social choice. Using a novel fMRI social perception task, we show that both merit and need perceptions recruited the brain's social inference network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRes Child Adolesc Psychopathol
July 2023
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Strong in-group bonds, facilitated by implicit favoritism for in-group members (i.e., in-group bias), promote mental health across development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
December 2022
Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Belonging is an important motive for intergroup behavior. Adults display pronounced ingroup favoritism when the sense of inclusion by an ingroup is decreased or threatened. The present study investigated whether ingroup belonging reduces ingroup favoritism in 6-year-old children in terms of costly sharing.
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