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Detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 from sewage samples and public health response, Poland, November to December 2024.
Euro Surveill
January 2025
Department for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chief Sanitary Inspectorate, Warsaw, Poland.
In October and December 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected from two wastewater samples in Poland during routine environmental surveillance. The first isolate was characterised and matched previous cVDPV2 isolates detected in Spain in September, as well as in Germany, Finland, and the United Kingdom in November and December 2024. In response to the event, active surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) has been strengthened, and the frequency of environmental sample collection has been increased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonitoring the Risk of Type-2 Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emergence During Roll-Out of Type-2 Novel Oral Polio Vaccine.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Although wild poliovirus type 2 has been eradicated, the prolonged transmission of the live- attenuated virus contained in the type-2 oral polio vaccine (OPV2) in under-immunized populations has led to the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2). The novel OPV2 (nOPV2) was designed to be more genetically stable and reduce the chance of cVDPV2 emergence while retaining comparable immunogenicity to the Sabin monovalent OPV2 (mOPV2). This study aimed to estimate the relative reduction in the emergence risk due to the use of nOPV2 instead of mOPV2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunodeficiency-Related Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (iVDPV) Infections: A Review of Epidemiology and Progress in Detection and Management.
Pathogens
December 2024
World Health Organization Headquarters, Av Appia 10, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Individuals with certain primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) may be unable to clear poliovirus infection after exposure to oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Over time, vaccine-related strains can revert to immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPVs) that can cause paralysis in the patient and potentially spread in communities with low immunity. We reviewed the efforts for detection and management of PID patients with iVDPV infections and the epidemiology through an analysis of 184 cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) during 1962-2024 and a review of polio program and literature reports.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImprovements of acute flaccid paralysis and measles surveillance performances in response to outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (2021-2022): the case of Southwest Ethiopia Region, Ethiopia.
Pan Afr Med J
December 2024
World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization, Maternal Child Health and Nutrition, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Introduction: following the detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus in 2019 in Ethiopia, response activities have been conducted including strengthening disease surveillance activities.
Methods: trend analysis study design of acute flaccid paralysis and measles surveillance data for the years 2021 and 2022 for Southwest Ethiopia Region was used. The non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) rate and stool adequacy rates were used to assess the AFP surveillance.
Human enteroviruses and the long road to acute flacid paralysis eradication.
J Appl Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, Enteric Virus Laboratory, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
Enteroviruses (EVs) are a highly diverse group of viruses multiplying primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and/or the upper respiratory tract, initially distributed in two separate genera: Enterovirus and Rhinovirus, respectively. According to the similarities in genome organization and particle structure, rhinovirus species were later reclassified as also belonging to genus Enterovirus. Human EV infections are usually asymptomatic or causing mild clinical manifestations.
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