AI Article Synopsis
- X-inactivation is a process in female mammals where one of the two X chromosomes is silenced to balance gene expression with male XY chromosome composition.
- This silencing happens early in development, resulting in every cell having one active and one inactive X chromosome.
- The inactive X chromosome gains specific epigenetic marks that help maintain its silenced state, and this review explores those features, the processes involved in establishing them, and their role in gene silencing.
Article Abstract
In female mammals, one X chromosome is transcriptionally silenced to achieve dosage compensation between XX females and XY males. This process, known as X-inactivation, occurs early in development, such that one X chromosome is silenced in every cell. Once X-inactivation has occurred, the inactive X chromosome is marked by a unique set of epigenetic features that distinguishes it from the active X chromosome and autosomes. These modifications appear sequentially during the transition from a transcriptionally active to an inactive state and, once established, act redundantly to maintain transcriptional silencing. In this review, we survey the unique epigenetic features that characterize the inactive X chromosome, describe the mechanisms by which these marks are established and maintained, and discuss how each contributes to silencing the inactive X chromosome.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27310-7_4 | DOI Listing |
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