Plasma cell granuloma of the maxillary sinus: a case report and literature review.

Background: Plasma cell granulomas are rare and heterogeneous tumor-like lesions of mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates of unknown etiology. Although they have the potential to occur in sites throughout the body, their occurrence in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity is uncommon and often associated with unique clinical characteristics and natural history.

Methods: We present a case of an aggressive plasma cell granuloma of the maxillary sinus and a review of the literature (28 cases).

Results: The patient was treated with definitive radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions) and experienced a local recurrence 2 years later. The lesion initially responded to corticosteroids and then progressed. Resection was performed and was followed by another recurrence. The patient was treated with radiosurgery and is disease free 8 years after initial treatment.

Conclusions: Review of the literature indicates that the optimal first line of treatment is high-dose corticosteroids. Surgery is indicated if the lesion fails to respond. Radiotherapy is indicated if complete resection is not feasible.