We take advantage of nonlinear properties associated with chi(3) tensor elements in BaF2 cubic crystal to improve the temporal contrast of femtosecond laser pulses. The technique presented is based on cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation. We have obtained a transmission efficiency of 10% and 10(-10) contrast with an input pulse in the millijoule range. This filter does not affect the spectral shape or the phase of the cleaned pulse. It also acts as an efficient spatial filter. In this method the contrast enhancement is limited only by the extinction ratio of the polarization discrimination device.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.30.000920 | DOI Listing |
Purpose: With the widespread introduction of dual energy computed tomography (DECT), applications utilizing the spectral information to perform material decomposition became available. Among these, a popular application is to decompose contrast-enhanced CT images into virtual non-contrast (VNC) or virtual non-iodine images and into iodine maps. In 2021, photon-counting CT (PCCT) was introduced, which is another spectral CT modality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Neurosurgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS, Bristol, GBR.
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are tangles of abnormal vessels with early arteriovenous (AV) shunting that can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage, seizures, neurologic deficit, or headache. To date, only a few cases of carcinomas metastasizing to pre-existing cerebral AVMs have been reported in the literature. However, renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) brain metastases that exhibit early AV shunting, where AVM pathology is not present, are extremely rare.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
August 2024
Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Prior research suggests that genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures, such as maternal preeclampsia (PE) during pregnancy, play key roles in ASD pathogenesis. However, the specific effects of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors on ASD phenotype severity remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroimage
January 2025
Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.. Electronic address:
The human cerebral cortex is known for its hemispheric specialization, which underpins a variety of functions and activities. However, it is not well understood if similar lateralization exists within the deep gray matter nuclei, such as the basal ganglia (BG) and thalamus, and their associated arteries, including the lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs). To explore this, we analyzed images from 7T MRI scans of 40 healthy young individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
Forest Fire Laboratory (LABIF), Forestry Engineering Department, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain. Electronic address:
Most Mediterranean ecosystems have been profoundly shaped by wildfires, driving the evolution of plant species. Through photo interpretation and field inventories, this research assessed vegetation dynamics from 1984 to 2021, examining how fire severity and recurrence, key fire regime variables, influenced changes in structure and woody species diversity. Using two burn scars (1988 and 2006), we identified four scenarios dominated by Pinus pinea tree species: control (unburned), areas burned once (either in 1988 or 2006), and twice (in both 1988 and 2006).
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