AI Article Synopsis
- The study examined essential and toxic metal levels in fat supplements used in swine diets, focusing on samples from the Italian industry, some of which were enhanced with antioxidants or recycled cooking oils.
- A rigorous analytical method was developed to measure metals like Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in these fat samples, using techniques such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
- Results showed low metal levels relative to daily intake recommendations for essential nutrients, but highlighted concerning concentrations of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in some samples, with principal component analysis revealing minimal variance in metal concentrations across different supplements.
Article Abstract
The presence of some essential and toxic metals in fat supplements for swine diet was investigated. Collected samples represented a relevant production of the Italian industry. In particular, some samples were enriched with antioxidants or waste cooking oils. The method for the determination of Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in fat samples was developed by means of a certified reference material (CRM 186) and a representative fatty sample (RFS). All samples were digested in closed vessels in a microwave oven and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The entire analytical method provided a satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility confirmed by agreement between the experimental recovery data obtained for the CRM 186 sample and, with the method of standard additions, for the RFS material. The samples generally showed a small amount of metals compared with the recommended daily intake for the essential elements. On the other hand, some samples contained a significant concentration, from an analytical point of view, of Cd, Ni, and Pb. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to inspect the experimental data obtained from samples analysis. Basically no differences were detected in terms of metal concentration among the fat supplements analyzed.
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