We propose a modular formal ontology of the biomedical domain with two components, one for biological objects, corresponding broadly to anatomy, and one for biological processes, corresponding broadly to physiology. The result constitutes what might be described as a joint venture between two perspectives--of so-called three-dimensionalism and four-dimensionalism--which are normally regarded as incompatible. We outline an approach which allows them to be combined together, and provide examples of its application in biomedicine.
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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and LLaMA have shown significant potential in medical applications, but their effectiveness is limited by a lack of specialized medical knowledge due to general-domain training. In this study, we developed Me-LLaMA, a new family of open-source medical LLMs that uniquely integrate extensive domain-specific knowledge with robust instruction-following capabilities. Me-LLaMA comprises foundation models (Me-LLaMA 13B and 70B) and their chat-enhanced versions, developed through comprehensive continual pretraining and instruction tuning of LLaMA2 models using both biomedical literature and clinical notes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Med Inform
January 2025
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Hoegi-ro 66, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, KR.
Background: The recent introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI) as an interactive consultant has prompted an interest in assessing its applicability in medical discussions and consultations, particularly in the domain of depression.
Objective: This study assessed the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in AI to generate responses to depression-related queries.
Methods: Utilizing the PubMedQA and QuoraQA datasets, we compared various LLMs, such as BioGPT, PMC-Llama, GPT-3.
FEBS J
January 2025
Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, UK.
Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent carboxypeptidase of therapeutic interest for the treatment of hypertension, inflammation and fibrosis. It consists of two homologous N and C catalytic domains, nACE and cACE, respectively. Unfortunately, the current clinically available ACE inhibitors produce undesirable side effects due to the nonselective inhibition of these domains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Med Biol
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Chow Yei Ching 506, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG.
. The propagation speed of a shear wave, whether externally or internally induced, in biological tissues is directly linked to the tissue's stiffness. The group shear wave speed (SWS) can be estimated using a class of time-of-flight (TOF) methods in the time-domain or phase speed-based methods in the frequency domain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiopolymers
January 2025
Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
The antibacterial nanofibrous mat is crucial in biomedicine as it enhances infection control, expedites wound healing, and mitigates health hazards by decreasing antibiotic usage. A novel synergistic antibacterial and hydrophilic nanofibrous mat successfully fabricated by solution electrospinning from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated Croton bonplandianum Baill (CBB) leaves extract. Antioxidant-enriched leaf extract of the CBB plant was integrated with PVA in varying proportions of 30% (CBB-30), 40% (CBB-40), and 50% (CBB-50) to manufacture antibacterial nanofibrous mat.
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