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Simulation of adaptive immune receptors and repertoires with complex immune information to guide the development and benchmarking of AIRR machine learning.
Nucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0372, Norway.
Machine learning (ML) has shown great potential in the adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRR) field. However, there is a lack of large-scale ground-truth experimental AIRR data suitable for AIRR-ML-based disease diagnostics and therapeutics discovery. Simulated ground-truth AIRR data are required to complement the development and benchmarking of robust and interpretable AIRR-ML methods where experimental data is currently inaccessible or insufficient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLipoprotein Signal Peptide as Adjuvants: Leveraging Lipobox-Driven TLR2 Activation in Modern Vaccine Design.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling is a pivotal component of immune system activation, and it is closely linked to the lipidation of bacterial proteins. This lipidation is guided by bacterial signal peptides (SPs), which ensure the precise targeting and membrane anchoring of these proteins. The lipidation process is essential for TLR2 recognition and the activation of robust immune responses, positioning lipidated bacterial proteins as potent immunomodulators and adjuvants for vaccines against bacterial-, viral-, and cancer-related antigens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA New Deep Learning-Based Method for Automated Identification of Thoracic Lymph Node Stations in Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS): A Proof-of-Concept Study.
J Imaging
January 2025
Clinic of Medicine, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, 7601 Levanger, Norway.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a cornerstone in minimally invasive thoracic lymph node sampling. In lung cancer staging, precise assessment of lymph node position is crucial for clinical decision-making. This study aimed to demonstrate a new deep learning method to classify thoracic lymph nodes based on their anatomical location using EBUS images.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFColorectal carcinogenesis in the Lynch syndromes and familial adenomatous polyposis: trigger events and downstream consequences.
Hered Cancer Clin Pract
January 2025
Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
Carcinogenesis encompasses processes that lead to increased mutation rates, enhanced cellular division (tumour growth), and invasive growth. Colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis in carriers of pathogenic APC (path_APC) and pathogenic mismatch repair gene (path_MMR) variants is initiated by a second hit affecting the corresponding wild-type allele. In path_APC carriers, second hits result in the development of multiple adenomas, with CRC typically emerging after an additional 20 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrabroadband integrated electro-optic frequency comb in lithium tantalate.
Nature
January 2025
Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
The integrated frequency comb generator based on Kerr parametric oscillation has led to chip-scale, gigahertz-spaced combs with new applications spanning hyperscale telecommunications, low-noise microwave synthesis, light detection and ranging, and astrophysical spectrometer calibration. Recent progress in lithium niobate (LiNbO) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has resulted in chip-scale, electro-optic (EO) frequency combs, offering precise comb-line positioning and simple operation without relying on the formation of dissipative Kerr solitons. However, current integrated EO combs face limited spectral coverage due to the large microwave power required to drive the non-resonant capacitive electrodes and the strong intrinsic birefringence of LiNbO.
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