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Obstructed Labor, Evolution, and Health Disparities.
Biology (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
The female pelvis is often evolutionarily described as a compromise to accommodate the birthing process and bipedalism. This compromise puts a mother and baby at risk of fetopelvic disproportion, the mismatch between the size of the fetus and that of the mother's pelvis, impacting the ease with which the vaginal birthing process occurs. Obstructed labor, commonly caused by fetopelvic disproportion, is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity and has serious medical sequelae for the fetus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of targeted social and behavior change communication on maternal health knowledge, attitudes, and institutional childbirth: a cluster-randomized trial in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia.
Eur J Public Health
January 2025
Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Maternal mortality remains a critical global health challenge, with 95% of deaths occurring in low-income countries. While progress was made from 2000 to 2015, regions such as Ethiopia continue to experience high maternal mortality rates, impeding the achievement of the sustainable development goal to reduce maternal deaths to 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) intervention to improve maternal health behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopmental Programming: Sex-specific Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a Real-Life Mixture of Environmental Chemicals on Liver Function and Transcriptome in Sheep.
Environ Pollut
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Chronic exposure to environmental chemicals (ECs) affects human health, leading to non-communicable diseases, and studying these effects in real-world conditions requires animal models that mimic such exposure.
- Research using sheep exposed to biosolids found metabolic changes in offspring, including altered liver gene expression and sex-specific effects on metabolism.
- The study identified significant differences in gene expression and liver function, particularly in male lambs, suggesting that prenatal exposure to low-dose mixtures of ECs disrupts normal metabolic processes and sexual dimorphism in liver function.
Complex cesarean section: Surgical approach to reduce the risks of intraoperative complications and postpartum hemorrhage.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet
January 2025
FIGO, London, UK.
The incidence of cesarean section is dramatically increasing worldwide, whereas the training opportunities for obstetrician/gynecologists to manage complex cesarean section appear to be decreasing. This may be attributed to changing working hours directives and the increasing use of laparoscopy for gynecological surgical procedures, including in gynecological oncology. Various situations can create surgical difficulties during a cesarean section; however, two of the most frequent are complications from previous cesarean (myometrial defects, with or without placental intrusion and peritoneal adhesions) and the high risk of postpartum hemorrhage (uterine overdistension, abnormal placentation, uterine fibroids).
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