The total costs to all payers, i.e., a societal perspective, of four rabies post-exposure regimens were evaluated in two dog bite centres and four local health centres in India. Results showed that the Thai Red Cross intra-dermal regimen (TRC-ID), which uses only one-fifth of the IM dose of purified vero cell vaccine (PVRV) was at most 20% more expensive than use of Purified Chick Embryo Cell (PCEC) vaccine at one-tenth of the IM dose: this cost difference needs to be balanced with the small margin of safety of low potency doses. In local health centres where the staffs are not specially trained in rabies vaccination, the Zagreb intra-muscular regimen is an economical option.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.12.008 | DOI Listing |
One Health
December 2024
Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Dog-mediated rabies is endemic in India. The country records the highest mortality due to dog-bite-related rabies despite the availability of interventions to prevent deaths. We present a case study of the death of a 59-year-old man in a suburban town of Northeast India after a dog bite from an owned pup.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Public Health
January 2025
Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar.
Despite global initiatives to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies by 2030, the Arabian Peninsula faces challenges due to insufficient data. This review addresses the current rabies situation and knowledge gaps in the region and proposes One Health interventions. Employing a mixed-method approach combining scoping and systematic review, the study commenced with a Delphi discussion to identify knowledge gaps and set objectives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine
January 2025
Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
Background: Pre-exposure prophylactic rabies vaccination (PrEP) is advised for travellers to countries with high rabies incidence, but rarely available for local residents. Some studies suggest poor cost-effectiveness of PrEP in such settings, but have generally focused upon post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) cost savings as the main benefit of PrEP, without considering lives saved by PrEP efficacy.
Methods: We compared incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of use of rabies PrEP, against an alternative of using only PEP, by adapting a decision-tree model previously used to inform Gavi's investment in rabies PEP.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109.
Rabies virus causes nearly 60,000 human deaths annually. Antibodies that target the rabies glycoprotein (G) are being developed as post-exposure prophylactics, but mutations in G can render such antibodies ineffective. Here, we use pseudovirus deep mutational scanning to measure how all single amino-acid mutations to G affect cell entry and neutralization by a panel of antibodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Prev Med Hyg
September 2024
Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease transmitted mainly by bites of infected animals, especially dogs, which are responsible for 99% of human cases. Despite being preventable, it remains a neglected disease in low-income countries, with approximately 60,000 deaths per year, mostly concentrated in Africa and Asia. The real worldwide burden of rabies is probably underestimated, as death-reporting systems are inadequate and active surveillance is limited.
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