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Effect of nose twitching on the pupillary dilation in awake and anesthetized horses.
Front Vet Sci
July 2024
VetAgro Sup, CREFAC, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Pupillometry is used in humans to monitor pain, nociception and analgesia. This single-center, non-randomized, non-blinded intervention trial, evaluated the effect of nose twitching on the pupil size in awake, sedated, and anesthetized horses. Pupil height (H) and length (L) were measured before (Be) and after (Af) nose twitching in fourteen non-painful adult awake horses (T0).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative evaluation of the sedative and physiological effects of medetomidine alone and in combination with pethidine, morphine, tramadol, and methadone in goats.
Vet Med Sci
July 2022
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Background: The use of combinations of α -adrenergic agonists and opioids has been published as providing superior sedation than either drug alone.
Introduction: The present study aims to compare the sedative and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) administration of medetomidine alone and in combination with methadone, morphine, tramadol, and pethidine in goats.
Methods: Ten healthy goats aged 12 ± 3 months and weight of 22 ± 4 kg were used in an experimental, crossover (Latin square), randomized, and blinded study.
The relationship between pupil diameter and other measures of opioid withdrawal during naloxone precipitated withdrawal.
Drug Alcohol Depend
September 2019
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Understanding mechanisms of physiological opioid withdrawal symptoms can inform treatment strategies. This secondary analysis evaluated the association between mydriasis (dilated pupils), a commonly-assessed opioid withdrawal metric, with self- and observer-rated opioid withdrawal severity.
Method: Ninety-five participants with opioid physical dependence were stabilized with morphine before receiving an injection of the opioid antagonist naloxone to precipitate withdrawal.
Pupillary function test in rat: Establishment of imaging setup and pharmacological validation within modified Irwin test.
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods
May 2019
Bayer AG, Safety Pharmacology, Aprather Weg 18a, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany. Electronic address:
Introduction: Pupillary function is a sensitive pharmacological readout in humans, but drug effects are not well characterized in rodents. Hence improved methods are needed for quantifying pupillary responses in conscious albino rodents.
Methods: A novel camera-based pupillary imaging method was developed for conscious rats under red-light settings to investigate the effect of various reference compounds on pupil and iris diameter and light reflex.
Determining pharmacological selectivity of the kappa opioid receptor antagonist LY2456302 using pupillometry as a translational biomarker in rat and human.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol
October 2014
Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz).
Background: Selective kappa opioid receptor antagonism is a promising experimental strategy for the treatment of depression. The kappa opioid receptor antagonist, LY2456302, exhibits ~30-fold higher affinity for kappa opioid receptors over mu opioid receptors, which is the next closest identified pharmacology.
Methods: Here, we determined kappa opioid receptor pharmacological selectivity of LY2456302 by assessing mu opioid receptor antagonism using translational pupillometry in rats and humans.
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