Gender differences in health-related quality of life on admission to a maintenance treatment program.

We compared the gender differences in health-related quality of life (QOL) on admission to a maintenance program. 103 opioid users (65 men and 38 women) admitted to a maintenance treatment program during 2000-2002 were studied. During this period we assessed the QOL status using the German version ('Berlin Quality of Life Profile') of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. Physical symptoms were measured using the Opioid Withdrawal Scale. 312 urine screening tests were carried out to evaluate consumption. The female group showed significantly less additional consumption of other opiates (p = 0.043) compared with the male group. The male group showed significantly better QOL scores in self-esteem (p = 0.015), psychical health (p = 0.027), and law and security (p = 0.008). The outcome measures for withdrawal scores showed significantly less symptoms for males in twitching of muscles (p = 0.034), vomiting (p = 0.002), depressions (p = 0.004) and poor appetite (p = 0.008). In summary, both genders showed only a few significant differences on admission in terms of QOL and physical symptoms. The predominant effects of drug use appear to eclipse the gender-related role pattern. Further exploration of gender and QOL could have important theoretical and treatment implications.