This study examined the cross-domain, anticipatory, and self-referential roles of affect (Miall, 1989) in reading short mystery novels. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students either read an entire story once or read the same story twice. During the first reading, these participants read only the first part of the story, and during the second reading, they read the entire story. They rated the importance of each sentence. Then they either described a prediction or their impression of the story. Finally, they created a title. In Experiment 2, the first group rated the importance of each sentence. The second group rated the feelings of understanding: forefeel, empathy, and a sense of strangeness. The results of both experiments showed that the relative importance of sentences shifted between first reading and second reading. As they read the end of the story, empathy increased but a sense of strangeness decreased. The results of description showed that the readers updated their interpretations in order to understand the story correctly.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.75.479 | DOI Listing |
J Speech Lang Hear Res
January 2025
Research Unit of Language and Communication, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, TU Dortmund University, Germany.
Purpose: Prior work has found that "late talkers" (LTs) as a group continue to demonstrate lower language and reading outcomes compared to their typically developing (TD) peers even into young adulthood. Others identified that children diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) show difficulties later with theory of mind (ToM) tasks and metaphor comprehension, but there is a shortage of research specifically investigating these advanced skills in LTs. The current study therefore compared language-related skills of former LTs with their TD peers at school age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Cancer
January 2025
Patient Centered Solutions, IQVIA, Reading, UK.
Background: Despite approvals of new first-line immunotherapies for advanced/metastatic gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer (aGC/GEJC), patients' median survival is around 14 months and their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is affected by disease-related symptoms and treatment-related side effects. Using a targeted literature review (TLR) and patient interviews, this study identified disease- and treatment-related concepts that are important to patients with aGC/GEJC and their HRQoL.
Methods: A TLR was conducted to identify primary qualitative studies from 2018 to 2021 on patients' experiences with aGC/GEJC.
J Autism Dev Disord
January 2025
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
The use of literal prompts (LPs) and inferential prompts (IPs) in shared book reading (SBR) facilitates children's use of language and promotes their thinking and understanding about the stories discussed and beyond. Furthermore, SBR provides a platform for mildly autistic children to have multiple rounds of communication with educators. This study investigated the contribution of LPs and IPs on the language development and affective factors of language learning in mildly autistic children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed J Islam Repub Iran
October 2024
Trained Speech and Language Pathologist, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show prominent deficits in pragmatic aspects of language such as spoken narrative. Deficits in spoken narrative in school years lead to deficits in reading comprehension. Therefore, this randomized clinical trial research examined the influence of narrative intervention on spoken narrative and reading comprehension abilities in children with ASD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pediatr
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
This case is the first reported patient with a gene mutation who primarily exhibits pronounced inattention as the main manifestation and is diagnosed with ADHD, requiring methylphenidate treatment. It is characterized by unique clinical features that set it apart from previously reported cases with mutations in the gene. Here, we report a female child with a diagnosis of ADHD and comorbidities.
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