The transcription factor microphthalmia (MITF) is required for the formation of normal melanocytes during embryonic development and for the expression of pigment cell-specific markers, which are the downstream transcriptional targets of MITF. It also seems to be crucial for the survival of malignant melanocytes. The special interest of this review is the possible utility of MITF as a marker of malignant melanoma. Melanocyte-specific isoform of MITF appears to be a unique molecule in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumors.
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