Vitamin D is required for efficient absorption of dietary Ca. Accumulated observations indicated that active form of vitamin D is involved in the three steps of intestinal Ca absorption:incorporation of Ca by epithelial cells through brush border membrane, intracellular Ca movement, and excretion of Ca into systemic circulation via basolateral membrane. It is also known that activated vitamin D takes part in growth and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.
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JAMA
January 2025
Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Importance: T helper 2 (T2) cells and T helper 17 (T17) cells are CD4+ T cell subtypes involved in asthma. Characterizing asthma endotypes based on these cell types in diverse groups is important for developing effective therapies for youths with asthma.
Objective: To identify asthma endotypes in school-aged youths aged 6 to 20 years by examining the distribution and characteristics of transcriptomic profiles in nasal epithelium.
Front Med
January 2025
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314400, China.
Therapeutic resistance in cancer is responsible for numerous cancer deaths in clinical practice. While target mutations are well recognized as the basis of genetic resistance to targeted therapy, nontarget mutation resistance (or nongenetic resistance) remains poorly characterized. Despite its complex and unintegrated mechanisms in the literature, nongenetic resistance is considered from our perspective to be a collective response of innate or acquired resistant subpopulations in heterogeneous tumors to therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Rev Respir Med
January 2025
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Introduction: In genetically predisposed individuals, exposure to aeroallergens and infections from RNA viruses shape epithelial barrier function, leading to Allergic Asthma (AA). Here, activated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in lower airway sentinel cells signal epithelial injury-repair pathways leading to cell-state changes [epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP)], barrier disruption and sensitization.
Areas Covered: 1.
mBio
December 2024
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Unlabelled: Respiratory epithelial cells can survive direct infection by influenza viruses, and the long-term consequences of that infection have been characterized in a subset of proximal airway cell types. The impact on the cells that survive viral infection in the distal lung epithelia, however, is much less well-characterized. Utilizing a Cre-expressing influenza B virus (IBV) and a lox-stop-lox tdTomato reporter mouse model, we identified that alveolar type 2 (AT2) pneumocytes, a progenitor cell type in the distal lung, can survive viral infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol
February 2025
Specialist Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rhinology Section, Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the role of neuroimmune signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).
Recent Findings: The sinonasal mucosa is densely infiltrated by immune cells and neuronal structures that share an intimate spatial relationship within tissue compartments. Together, such neuroimmune units play a critical role in airway defence and homeostatic function.
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