The discharge of bromate, a suspected carcinogen, will be restricted in the near future. To assess the possibility of biotechnological treatment of bromate-containing wastewaters, the removal of bromate by chlorate-reducing microorganisms was studied. The removal of bromate and chlorate was studied in laboratory gas-lift bioreactors supplied with hydrogen gas as electron donor in the absence of molecular oxygen. In these reactors, bromate was reduced cometabolically by chlorate-respiring microorganisms. To allow the cometabolic reduction of bromate, a chlorate:bromate molar ratio of at least 3:1 was required. The cometabolic conversion permitted almost complete reduction of bromate into bromide at hydraulic retention times of at least 6 h. Optimal bromate reduction activity was observed at approximately 35 degrees C. The pH optimum was between 7 and 8. Bromate reduction in excess of 80% and a maximum bromate reduction rate of 2.3 g l(-1) day(-1) in a pilot-scale gas-lift bioreactor demonstrates that the process is sustainable.
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