A century and a half of controversy concerning the differences between Neanderthals (or Neandertals) and modern humans has left us with many questions and no sign of abatement. One of these remaining questions concerns the articulated structure of the Neanderthal skeleton and how it compares to that of a modern human. Although this question has been tackled many times by more artistic avenues, never has a complete, fully articulated Neanderthal skeleton been constructed systematically using castings from real Neanderthal bones. In an attempt to provide a more objective understanding of Neanderthal stature and biomechanics, a complete Neanderthal skeleton was reconstructed and articulated. This reconstruction was primarily based on the La Ferrassie 1 specimen, with missing or incomplete elements filled in from other Neanderthal cast collections.
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Centre for Human Evolution Research, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. Electronic address:
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Article Synopsis
- Increasing evidence of Neanderthal osseous industry shows they used bone fragments for practical tools, with diverse shaping techniques, but no bone spear points were previously identified in these contexts.
- A detailed study of a bone spear point from the Abric Romaní site in Spain reveals its manufacture and use, with clear signs of intentional knapping and wear patterns consistent with serving as a spear.
- This finding enhances our understanding of Neanderthal hunting behavior and highlights the adaptability of their technology 50,000 years ago, shedding light on previously overlooked aspects of their tool-making strategies.
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