Application of recent techniques to detect current pathogens in archival effluent samples collected and concentrated in 1987 lead to the characterization of norovirus GGII.6 Seacroft, unrecognized until 1990 in a clinical sample. Retrospective studies will likely increase our knowledge about waterborne transmission of emerging pathogens.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1103.040838 | DOI Listing |
Water Res
November 2024
School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
Wastewater-based monitoring has been widely implemented worldwide for the tracking of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and other viral diseases. In many surveillance programmes, unprocessed and processed wastewater samples are often frozen and stored for long periods of time in case the identification and tracing of an emerging health threat becomes necessary. However, extensive sample bioarchives may be difficult to maintain due to limitations in ultra-freezer capacity and associated cost.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Infect Dis
October 2024
Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Background: Rapidly evolving RNA viruses, such as human norovirus, generate extraordinary sequence diversity, posing a significant challenge to vaccine design. This diversity, coupled with short-lasting natural immunity, leads to reinfection throughout one's lifetime. How reexposure shapes humoral immunity to future norovirus strains remains incompletely understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Pathog
January 2024
Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Rd, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India.
Background: Worldwide, noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all age groups. In India, norovirus rates between 1.4 to 44.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogens
April 2023
Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi 25102, Tanzania.
Despite the availability and wide coverage of rotavirus vaccinations in Tanzania, there is still a significant number of diarrhea cases being reported, with some patients requiring hospital admission. We investigated diarrhea-causing pathogens and determined the effect of co-infection on clinical symptoms. Total nucleic acid was extracted from archived stool samples (N = 146) collected from children (0-59 months) admitted with diarrhea in health facilities in Moshi, Kilimanjaro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
January 2023
Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Since the start of the 2019 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be a valuable tool for monitoring the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. With methods and infrastructure being settled, it is time to expand the potential of this tool to a wider range of pathogens. We used over 500 archived RNA extracts from a WBE program for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to monitor wastewater from 11 treatment plants for the presence of influenza and norovirus twice a week during the winter season of 2021/2022.
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