AI Article Synopsis
- Acute respiratory viruses like SARS and pandemic influenza are highly contagious and can lead to serious health crises, with vaccines often being inadequate or unavailable.
- Nucleic acid-based immunomodulators, such as Poly ICLC and CpG oligonucleotides, have shown promise in animal studies for providing broad-spectrum protection against these viruses.
- Poly ICLC, when encapsulated in liposomes, demonstrated a 100% survival rate in mice against lethal influenza A, and its protective effects lasted for up to three weeks, while CpG oligonucleotides also offered strong protection against influenza challenges.
Article Abstract
Acute respiratory virus infections such as SARS and pandemic influenza are highly contagious diseases that cause global crisis, and inflict severe human mortality and morbidity. Vaccines against these viruses are either unavailable or do not provide adequate protection. In the absence of effective vaccines, nucleic acid-based immunomodulators have the potential to offer effective, broad-spectrum protection against these deadly pathogens. Poly ICLC and CpG oligonucleotides are promising gene-based drugs which have been shown in animal studies to protect against acute respiratory virus infections. Poly ICLC is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and an effective interferon-inducer and natural killer cell activator. When encapsulated in liposomes, poly ICLC offers complete protection (100% survival rate in pretreated group versus 0% survival in control group) against a lethal respiratory challenge of influenza A virus in mice. This antiviral effect has been shown to persist for up to 3 weeks post-drug treatment. Poly ICLC pretreatment also protects mice against a respiratory challenge of western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus, at a level comparable to inactivated WEE vaccine. CpG oligos in liposomes also provided high level of protection against the lethal influenza challenge. Together, these studies suggest nucleic acid-based immunomodulators are promising antiviral agents which can offer effective and non-specific protection against acute respiratory virus infections.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.037 | DOI Listing |
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