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Mechanism of the Mitsunobu Reaction: An Ongoing Mystery.
Synthesis (Stuttg)
June 2024
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
The Mitsunobu reaction is one the most widely known reactions in the organic chemistry canon. Despite its fame, some aspects of the mechanism remain poorly understood, 55 years after its initial discovery. This short review collates the findings of several publications focused on the mechanism of the Mitsunobu reaction, highlighting both the current state of knowledge and the remaining missing pieces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe missing pieces: an investigation into the parallels between Charles Bonnet, phantom limb and tinnitus syndromes.
Ther Adv Ophthalmol
December 2024
Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by visual hallucinations of varying complexity on a background of vision loss. CBS research has gained popularity only in recent decades, despite evidence dating back to 1760. Knowledge of CBS among both the patient and professional populations unfortunately remains poor, and little is known of its underlying pathophysiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimizing infant neuroimaging methods to understand the neurodevelopmental impacts of early nutrition and feeding.
Dev Cogn Neurosci
November 2024
Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Electronic address:
There is strong evidence proper nutrition is imperative for healthy infant neurodevelopment, providing the neural foundations for later cognition and behavior. Over the first years of life infants are supported by unique sources of nutrition (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA global analysis of portion size recommendations in food-based dietary guidelines.
Front Nutr
November 2024
UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Objective: Since large food portion sizes (PS) lead to overconsumption, our objective was to review PS recommendations for commonly consumed food groups reported in Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) globally and to assess variation in PS across countries and regions.
Methods: Consumer-oriented FBDGs from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) online repository were used to evaluate dietary recommendations, PS and number of portions for common food groups. Guidelines were classified for each group as qualitative, quantitative, or missing.
Global language geography and language history: challenges and opportunities.
Open Res Eur
October 2024
Dynamique Du Langage, Centre Nacional de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyon, France.
As the several thousand languages spoken by people all around the world became more and more systematically assessed and catalogued in the 20th century, it became clear that linguistic diversity is unevently distributed across the globe. Up to the present day, the reasons for that are poorly understood. Linguists are thus in the embarassing situation that they do not understand significant regularities in the way the objects of their study -languages- pattern; human sciences at large are faced with the fact that the way humans produce that key cultural product which is often seen as defining the essence of what makes them humans -language-remains in the dark.
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