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Deciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study.
Med Microbiol Immunol
December 2024
Immunology Section, Molecular Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
Introduction: While the general immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well-understood, the long-term effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2) co-infection on the immune system remain unclear. This study investigates the immune response in people with HIV-1 (PWH) co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 to understand its long-term health consequences.
Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study of PWH with suppressed viral load and SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted.
Novel Endocytosis Inhibitors Block Entry of HIV-1 Tat into Neural Cells.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
December 2024
Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
Many pathogens including viruses enter cells by endocytosis. We identified and evaluated novel endocytosis inhibitors capable of blocking the entry of the HIV-1 Tat protein into neuronal cells and investigated their potential protective properties against Tat-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, the compounds Les-6631 and Les-6633 were synthesized and assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVariability in HIV-1 transmitted/founder virus susceptibility to combined APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G host restriction.
J Virol
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Several APOBEC3 enzymes restrict HIV-1 by deaminating cytosine to form uracil in single-stranded proviral (-)DNA. However, HIV-1 Vif counteracts their activity by inducing their proteasomal degradation. This counteraction by Vif is incomplete, as evidenced by footprints of APOBEC3-mediated mutations within integrated proviral genomes of people living with HIV-1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF30 years of HIV therapy: Current and future antiviral drug targets.
Virology
December 2024
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. Electronic address:
Significant advances in treatment have turned HIV-1 into a manageable chronic condition. This has been achieved due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), involving a combination regimen of medications, including drugs that target Reverse Transcriptase, Protease, Integrase, and viral entry, explored in this review. This paper also highlights novel therapies, such as Lenacapavir, and avenues toward functional cure targeting the CCR5 co-receptor, including the Δ32 mutation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong Noncoding RNA LINC02453 Inhibits HIV-1 Replication by Binding With SEC13 to Regulate the Viral Productive Cycle.
J Med Virol
December 2024
Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as crucial regulators within the HIV life cycle. However, the precise functions and detailed mechanisms by which lncRNAs operate in HIV-1 highly exposed but persistently seronegative (HESN) individuals remain currently unknown. Through RNA sequencing analysis of the HESN individual and the matched control, we identified potential lncRNAs.
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