Evidence-based intrapartum care.

Routine care in normal labour may range from supportive care at home to intensive monitoring and multiple interventions in hospital. Good evidence of effectiveness is necessary to justify interventions in the normal process of labour. Inadequate evidence is available to support perineal shaving, routine enemas, starvation in labour and excluding the choice for home births. Evidence supports continuity of care led by midwives, companionship in labour, restricting the use of episiotomy, and active management of the third stage of labour, including routine use of 10 units of oxytocin. Both benefits and risks are associated with routine amniotomy, continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, epidural analgesia, and oxytocin-ergometrine to prevent postpartum haemorrhage. More evidence is needed regarding the emotional consequences of labour interventions, home births, vaginal cleansing, opioid use, the partograph, second-stage labour techniques, misoprostol for primary prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, and strategies to promote evidence-based care in labour.