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Clinical and histopathological features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced lung toxicity.
Virchows Arch
November 2024
Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
A new era in cancer therapy emerged with the arrival of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), followed by a new cadre of immune-related adverse events that affect up to 40% of patients. Literature on the pathological features associated with these events is still limited. Therefore, to expand our knowledge of the histopathologic spectrum of pulmonary changes, we conducted a case study series analysis on 16 non-neoplastic lung samples collected during or after ICI therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmoking-related interstitial lung disease: A narrative review.
Chron Respir Dis
October 2024
Department of Pneumology, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Although smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (SR-ILD) are a relatively rare group of entities, they are a relevant public health problem of growing importance, both because they affect young adults and because of their increasing prevalence in recent years due to increased tobacco consumption. In patients who smoke and have non-specific respiratory symptoms, SR-ILD should be ruled out, a term that encompasses a group of different entities in which the basis for diagnosis is the smoking history together with compatible respiratory functional findings, radiology and/or histology. An association has been established between tobacco smoke and a group of diseases that include respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (2%-3% of all ILD), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (<1%), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (3%-5%) and acute eosinophilic pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Clinical Approach to Interstitial Lung Disease in Childhood: A Narrative Review Article.
Children (Basel)
July 2024
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium of the lungs, which occur when a lung injury triggers an abnormal healing response, and an inflammatory process leads to altered diffusion and restrictive respiratory dysfunction. The term "interstitial" may be misleading, as other components of the lungs are usually also involved (epithelium, airways, endothelium, and so on). Pediatric conditions (childhood interstitial lung disease, chILD) are different from adult forms, as growing and developing lungs are affected and more diverse and less prevalent diseases are seen in childhood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review aims to discuss the complex relationship between smoking and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), emphasizing the significant morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions. While the etiology of ILDs remains multifactorial, cigarette smoking emerges as a prominent modifiable risk factor implicated in their pathogenesis and progression. This narrative review will provide insight into smoking-associated interstitial lung diseases and personalised approaches to smoking cessation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Smoking-related interstitial lung disease : Radiological findings, histopathological correlations, and clinical observations].
Radiologie (Heidelb)
August 2024
Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz.
Clinical/methodological Issue: Identifying smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (SRILD) in smokers is challenging, as clinical manifestations can be nonspecific, and there is a variety of SRILD entities that not only interconnect but can also overlap.
Radiological Standard Procedures: In diagnosing SRILD, imaging techniques such as high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) allow the identification of characteristic features, serving as crucial pieces of the puzzle for definitive differentiation.
Performance: Studies have demonstrated that HRCT exhibits a sensitivity of approximately 80-90% in identifying SRILD, with a specificity around 70-80%.
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