6beta/7beta-Methyl-2-methoxycarbonyltropinones (3a, 3b) were synthesized and used as starting materials in the synthesis of 6beta/7beta-methyl-2beta-methoxycarbonyl-3beta-phenyltropanes (6a, 6b), 6beta/7beta-methyl-2beta-methoxycarbonyl-3beta-(4-iodo)phenyltropanes (7a, 7b) and 6beta-methyl-2beta-methoxycarbonyl-3beta-(4-iodo)phenylnortropane (8). The effect of 6/7-groups was evaluated by in vitro receptor binding to dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporters. Introduction of a methyl group at the 6- or 7-position diminished the overall affinity for the transporters, though mostly to NET. In vivo locomotor tests were performed in mice for compounds 7a and 8. Compound 8 had no apparent effect on locomotor activity. Compound 7a increased locomotion in a wide dose range, but was much less potent than a reference compound, 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodo)phenyl-tropane (beta-CIT).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.11.007 | DOI Listing |
Acta Bioeng Biomech
June 2024
1Institute of Applied Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrate - polycaprolactone (PCL)-based porous membrane modified with rosmarinic acid (RA), (PCL-RA) and to determine the optimal values of low field laser irradiation (LLLT) as stimulators of biological response of RAW 264.7 macrophages. : The porous polymer membrane was obtained by the phase inversion method, the addition of rosmarinic acid was 1%wt.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Chem Biol
January 2025
Biogen, Chemical Biology & Proteomics, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an established oral therapy for multiple sclerosis worldwide. Although the clinical efficacy of these fumarate esters has been extensively investigated, the mode of action and pharmacokinetics of fumarates have not been fully elucidated due to their broad-spectrum reactivity and complex metabolism in vivo. To better understand the mechanism of action of DMF and its active metabolite, monomethyl fumarate (MMF), we designed and utilized clickable probes to visualize and enrich probe-modified proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Signal
January 2025
Science Signaling, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
The alarmin cytokine IL-33 stimulates the formation of immune hubs within otherwise "cold" tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Biol
January 2025
Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from a small number of hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) within the developing embryo. Understanding the origin and ontogeny of HSPCs is of considerable interest and potential therapeutic value. It has been proposed that the murine placenta contains HECs that differentiate into HSPCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
It has been proposed that social groups are maintained both by reward resulting from positive social interactions and by the reduction of a negative state that would otherwise be caused by social separation. European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, develop strong conditioned place preferences for places associated with the production of song in flocks outside the breeding season (gregarious song) and singers are motivated to rejoin the flock following removal. This indicates that the act of singing in flocks is associated with a positive affective state and raises the possibility that reward induced by song in flocks may play a role in flock maintenance.
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