Background: Th2 cytokines play pivotal roles in allergic inflammation, including eosinophilia, and their actions are antagonized by Th1 cytokines, conferring them therapeutic potential.
Methods: In this study, we examined the ability of a number of cytokines to suppress the activation of eosinophils that function as effector cells for allergic airway diseases.
Results: Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced an eosinophil shape change, whereas interferon (IFN)-gamma significantly inhibited the shape change. Other cytokines, including IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, had little or only slightly enhancing or reducing effects on the shape change. We further analyzed the IFN-gamma effect, showing that pretreatment with IFN-gamma strongly suppressed IL-5-induced eosinophil shape change, and cycloheximide (CHX) abrogated the suppression by IFN-gamma, suggesting that new protein synthesis is required for the inhibitory effect by this cytokine. In agreement with these results, IFN-gamma blocked the eosinophil migration and ERK phophorylation induced by IL-5, and the addition of CHX restored eosinophil chemotaxis.
Conclusions: Collectively, IFN-gamma may attenuate eosinophilic inflammation by directly negating eosinophil mobilization.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000083957 | DOI Listing |
Radiology
January 2025
From the Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 (Y.Z., D.F.Y., C.I.H.); and Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z.).
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. In various trials, the ability of low-dose CT screening to diagnose early lung cancers leads to high cure rates. It is widely accepted that the potential benefits of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer outweigh the harms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
The structure and dynamics of water at charged graphene interfaces fundamentally influence molecular responses to electric fields with implications for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and surface chemistry. Leveraging the realism of the MB-pol data-driven many-body potential and advanced path-integral quantum dynamics, we analyze the vibrational sum frequency generation (vSFG) spectrum of graphene/water interfaces under varying surface charges. Our quantum simulations reveal a distinctive dangling OH peak in the vSFG spectrum at neutral graphene, consistent with recent experimental findings yet markedly different from those of earlier studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ecol
January 2025
Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
The Arctic environment plays a critical role in the global climate system and marine biodiversity. The region's ice-covered expanses provide essential breeding and feeding grounds for a diverse assemblage of marine species, who have adapted to thrive in these harsh conditions and consequently are under threat from global warming. The bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), including two subspecies (E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Health Promot
January 2025
Formerly with Georgetown University, Medical Center Research Development Unit, Washington, DC, USA.
Social norms, the informal rules that influence behavior, play essential roles in shaping people's behavior. Community-based norms-shifting interventions (NSIs) identify gender and other social norms linked to unhealthy behaviors and implement activities to promote collective change by encouraging communities to reflect on and question these norms. Though NSIs are gaining international traction in social and behavior change programming for health promotion, how change occurs needs to be clearly understood in African and other contexts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPalliat Med
January 2025
Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
Background: Delirium is common and distressing for hospice in-patients. Hospital-based research shows delirium may be prevented by targeting its risk factors. Many preventative strategies address patients' fundamental care needs.
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