The tomato (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium) resistance protein Cf-9 belongs to a large class of plant proteins with extracytoplasmic Leu-rich repeats (eLRRs). eLRR proteins play key roles in plant defense and development, mainly as receptor-like proteins or receptor-like kinases, conferring recognition of various pathogen molecules and plant hormones. We report here a large-scale structure-function analysis of an eLRR protein. A total of 66 site-directed mutants of Cf-9 were analyzed for activity in Avr9 recognition and for protein stability and the results interpreted with the help of a homology model of the Cf-9 structure. Conserved Trp and Cys pairs in the N-terminal LRR-flanking domain appear to be important for Cf-9 activity and are probably exposed at the putative concave inner surface of the Cf-9 protein, where recognition specificity also resides. Removal of each of the 22 putative N-linked glycosylation sites (PGS) revealed that many PGSs contribute to Cf-9 activity and that the PGSs in the putative alpha-helices of the LRR modules are essential. Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry showed that all but one of the PGSs are N-glycosylated. Introduction of glycosylation at the putative concave beta-sheet surface blocks Cf-9 activity, in some cases probably by disturbing specific recognition, and in another case by steric hindrance with existing N-glycans. The glycosylation pattern and several other features are conserved in other eLRR proteins, where similar mutations show similar phenotypes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.104.028118 | DOI Listing |
New Phytol
August 2024
Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand.
Leaf mould, caused by Fulvia fulva, is a devastating disease of tomato plants. In many commercial tomato cultivars, resistance to this disease is governed by the Cf-9 locus, which encodes five paralogous receptor-like proteins. Two of these proteins confer resistance: Cf-9C recognises the previously identified F.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
November 2023
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.
Fluorinated species have a pivotal role in semiconductor material chemistry and some of them have been detected beyond the Earth's atmosphere. Achieving good energy accuracy on fluorinated species using quantum chemical calculations has long been a challenge. In addition, obtaining direct experimental thermochemical quantities has also proved difficult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Pollut Bull
June 2023
Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh. Electronic address:
Heavy metal(loid)s inputs contribute to human and environmental stresses in the coastal zones of Bangladesh. Several studies have been conducted on metal(loid)s pollution in sediment, soil, and water in the coastal zones. However, they are sporadic, and no attempt has been made in coastal zones from the standpoint of chemometric review.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
November 2022
Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China.
Background: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a destructive disease that endangers pine trees, resulting in the wilting, with yellowing and browning of the needles, and eventually the death of the trees. Previous studies showed that the Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited (PmACRE1) gene was downregulated by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection, suggesting a correlation between PmACRE1 expression and pine tolerance. Here, we used the expression of PmACRE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana to evaluate the role of PmACRE1 in the regulation of host defence against B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytopathology
March 2023
Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
Hormones play an important role in plant disease resistance and defense. Transcriptome data of late blight-resistant potato genotype SD20 treated by ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and CN152 was analyzed to assess the role of the ET/JA/SA regulatory network in plant disease resistance and defense and predict key resistant genes. The results show that there was significant crossover of differentially expressed genes among all treatments, and common and specific plant disease interaction genes for the ET, JA, and SA treatments were differentially expressed in the CN152 treatment.
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