AI Article Synopsis

  • The Cf-9 resistance protein in tomatoes plays a vital role in recognizing pathogens and is part of a larger family of proteins involved in plant defense.
  • A comprehensive analysis of 66 mutants indicated that specific pairs of amino acids and various glycosylation sites are crucial for the activity and stability of Cf-9.
  • Altering the glycosylation patterns affected Cf-9's function, highlighting the importance of its structural features which are similar to other eLRR proteins.

Article Abstract

The tomato (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium) resistance protein Cf-9 belongs to a large class of plant proteins with extracytoplasmic Leu-rich repeats (eLRRs). eLRR proteins play key roles in plant defense and development, mainly as receptor-like proteins or receptor-like kinases, conferring recognition of various pathogen molecules and plant hormones. We report here a large-scale structure-function analysis of an eLRR protein. A total of 66 site-directed mutants of Cf-9 were analyzed for activity in Avr9 recognition and for protein stability and the results interpreted with the help of a homology model of the Cf-9 structure. Conserved Trp and Cys pairs in the N-terminal LRR-flanking domain appear to be important for Cf-9 activity and are probably exposed at the putative concave inner surface of the Cf-9 protein, where recognition specificity also resides. Removal of each of the 22 putative N-linked glycosylation sites (PGS) revealed that many PGSs contribute to Cf-9 activity and that the PGSs in the putative alpha-helices of the LRR modules are essential. Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry showed that all but one of the PGSs are N-glycosylated. Introduction of glycosylation at the putative concave beta-sheet surface blocks Cf-9 activity, in some cases probably by disturbing specific recognition, and in another case by steric hindrance with existing N-glycans. The glycosylation pattern and several other features are conserved in other eLRR proteins, where similar mutations show similar phenotypes.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1069714PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.104.028118DOI Listing

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