In 1960, the terms "neonatology" and "neonatologist" were introduced. Thereafter, an increasing number of pediatricians devoted themselves to full-time neonatology. In 1975, the first examination of the Sub-Board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine of the American Board of Pediatrics and the first meeting of the Perinatal Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics were held. One of the most important factors that improved the care of the neonate was the miniaturization of blood samples needed to determine blood gases, serum electrolytes, glucose, calcium, bilirubin, and other biochemical measurements. Another factor was the ability to provide nutrition intravenously, and the third was the maintenance of normal body temperature. The management of respiratory distress syndrome improved with i.v. glucose and correction of metabolic acidosis, followed by assisted ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, antenatal corticosteroid administration, and the introduction of exogenous surfactant. Pharmacologic manipulation of the ductus arteriosus, support of blood pressure, echocardiography, and changes in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension, including the use of nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, all have influenced the cardiopulmonary management of the neonate. Regionalization of neonatal care; changes in parent-infant interaction; and technological changes such as phototherapy, oxygen saturation monitors, and brain imaging techniques are among the important advances reviewed in this report. Most remarkable, a 1-kg infant who was born in 1960 had a mortality risk of 95% but had a 95% probability of survival by 2000. However, errors in neonatology are acknowledged, and potential directions for the future are explored.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000151693.46655.66 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Neonatal health is dependent on early risk stratification, diagnosis, and timely management of potentially devastating conditions, particularly in the setting of prematurity. Many of these conditions are poorly predicted in real-time by clinical data and current diagnostics. Umbilical cord blood may represent a novel source of molecular signatures that provides a window into the state of the fetus at birth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pediatr
January 2025
Neonatal Research Network of Japan, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 163-1030, Japan.
Advancements in perinatal care have improved survival rates of extremely preterm infants born at 22 to 23 weeks of gestation, thus introducing new ethical challenges associated with their treatment. Therefore, we reviewed the epidemiological prognosis, treatment evolution, and ethical considerations associated with the care of preterm infants at the limit of viability. We comprehensively searched PubMed to find relevant English-language articles published between January 2014 and July 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pediatr
January 2025
Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura University, Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Dakhlia, Egypt.
Unlabelled: This study aims to determine the incidence, clinical course, and risk factors of hypothyroidism following cardiac catheter (CC) in infants with congenital heart diseases (CHD). This prospective study involved 115 patients with CHD, all aged 3 years or younger, who underwent CC, as well as 100 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Baseline thyroid function tests (TFTs) were conducted for both the patients and controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Hum Genet
January 2025
Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. Electronic address:
BCL11B is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain-containing, DNA-binding, transcription factor with established roles in the development of various organs and tissues, primarily the immune and nervous systems. BCL11B germline variants have been associated with a variety of developmental syndromes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations along with pathophysiologic mechanisms of selected variants mostly remain elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Genom
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK.
The NRCS-A strain has emerged as a global cause of late-onset sepsis associated with outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) whose transmission is incompletely understood. Demographic and clinical data for 45 neonates with and 90 with other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from sterile sites were reviewed, and clinical significance was determined. isolated from 27 neonates at 2 hospitals between 2017 and 2022 underwent long-read (ONT) (=27) and short-read (Illumina) sequencing (=18).
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