Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Pro-parasporin-1 is a parasporal inclusion protein of the non-insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis strain A1190. Cytotoxic fragments, named parasporin-1, were generated from pro-parasporin-1 by trypsin digestion. Parasporin-1 was purified by a combination of chromatography procedures based on the cytotoxic activity to HeLa cells. Two different fragments of 15-kDa and 56-kDa were detected in the purified parasporin-1 fraction. These fragments were tightly associated with each other and could not be separated by chromatography under conditions that preserve cytotoxic activity, indicating that the active form of parasporin-1 is a heterodimer of the 15- and 56-kDa fragments. Amino acid sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis revealed that parasporin-1 is generated from pro-parasporin-1 by trypsin digestion at Arg 93 and Arg 231. Of 12 human cell lines tested, parasporin-1 showed strong cytotoxicity to four cell lines derived from cancer tissues, but low to no cytotoxicity to the other cell lines. The time-courses of cytotoxicity indicated that the mode of action of parasporin-1 to sensitive cells differs from that shown for previously isolated cytotoxic proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, Cyt proteins, and other bacterial pore-forming toxins. Thus, parasporin-1 is a novel cytotoxic protein to human cancer cells produced by B. thuringiensis, and may be useful as a tool to recognize and destroy specific cancer cells.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvi003 | DOI Listing |
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