AI Article Synopsis
- Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten in wheat, rye, and barley, leading to intestinal inflammation and damage.
- It is linked to specific genetic markers (DQ2 and DQ8) and involves transglutaminase 2, which plays a role in the immune response to gluten.
- Diagnosis typically involves serologic tests, and the primary treatment is a gluten-free diet, though some effects on related health issues are still being studied.
Article Abstract
Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder that has genetic, environmental, and immunologic components. It is characterized by an immune response to ingested wheat gluten and related proteins of rye and barley that leads to inflammation, villous atrophy, and crypt hyperplasia in the intestine. The disease is closely associated with genes that code for human leukocyte antigens DQ2 and DQ8. Transglutaminase 2 appears to be an important component of the disease, both as a deamidating enzyme that can enhance the immunostimulatory effect of gluten and as a target autoantigen in the immune response. Sensitive and specific serologic tests, including those for anti-transglutaminase antibody, are facilitating fast and noninvasive screening for celiac disease. Thus, they are contributing to a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of the disease and its association with other disorders. Celiac disease is associated with increased rates of anemia, osteoporosis, cancer, neurologic deficits, and additional autoimmune disorders. A gluten-free diet is the mainstay of safe and effective treatment of celiac disease, although its effect on some of the extraintestinal manifestations of the disease remains to be determined.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-4-200502150-00011 | DOI Listing |
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