An efficient route to various sugar lactones has been developed. Key to the overall transformation is the sequential osmium-catalyzed dihydroxylation of 2,4-dienoates. The simplest (one-step/racemic) example of this reaction occurs when the dihydroxylation is performed with aqueous NMO in MeOH. When the first dihydroxylation is performed using the AD-mix procedure, an enantioselective variant results. When a matched AD-mix procedure is used for the second dihydroxylation, an exceedingly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of galacto-1,4-lactone results. [Reaction: see text]
This research aimed to identify the effects of increased temperature and decreased ultraviolet (UV) exposure on berry characteristics and quality parameters of cv Nebbiolo, identifying the potential risks associated with climate change for the quality of grapes and the identity of Barolo wine. This two-year research (2022 and 2023) was performed in three vineyards, located at different elevations in La Morra (Piedmont, northwestern Italy), monitored from the beginning of veraison to harvest. A split-plot design was set up, applying a passive greenhouse amplifying temperature in the bunch zone ('T' = increased temperature; 'C' = control temperature) and UV-blocking plastics over individual bunches ('1' = full UV exposure; '0' = UV-blocked).
Photocatalytic reduction of CO to formic acid (HCOOH) was investigated in either organic or aqueous/organic media by employing three water-soluble [RhCp*(LH)Cl] (LH = n,n'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine; = 4, 5, or 6) in the presence of [Ru(bpy)], 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[]imidazole (BIH) and triethanolamine (TEOA). Through studying the electron-donating effects of two hydroxyl groups introduced into the bipyridyl ligand, we found that the substituent positions greatly affect both the catalytic efficiency and selectivity in CO reduction. More importantly, the HCOOH selectivity shows a dramatic increase from 14 to 83% upon switching the solvent media from pure organic to an aqueous/organic mixture, where the H selectivity shows a reverse phenomenon.
Methyltrienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one) is one of the anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The biotransformation of methyltrienolone is performed in vitro by human hepatocytes microsomes. Both phase I and phase II experiments are investigated.
The objective of the present manuscript was the evaluation of the toxicity and metabolism of the second generation of pyrovalerone cathinones (α-PHP, α-PHPiP, 4-MePPP and TH-PVP), using an early zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as in vivo model. Pyrovalerone cathinones LC were determined after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure. TH-PVP proved to be the most toxic cathinone, whereas 4-MePPP was the least toxic.
Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Preparations, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310020 China.
Background: Premna microphylla Turcz. (PMT) is a traditional food and medicinal plant, which has been used to treat cure hemostasis, rheumatism and dysentery. However, it still lacks a clear understanding about chemical profile of PMT and metabolites in vivo.
