Pituitary carcinomas are very rare. The diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma is defined by evidence of craniospinal and/or systemic metastasis, rather than by histological malignancies. We report a case of prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma invading the cavernous sinuses at the time of initial treatment, which later metastasized to the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and spinal axis. The patient survived approximately nine years following the initial diagnosis of a pituitary tumor and two years following the diagnosis of metastatic disease. Histological examination of the metastatic cerebellar tumor showed an adenoma with high cellularity and hyperchromasia, but no mitoses.
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Article Synopsis
- Giant pituitary prolactinomas can cause rare but severe symptoms, such as acute hypoglossal nerve palsy and neurological decline, as highlighted in a case study of a 62-year-old woman with such a condition.
- The patient experienced a syncopal episode and difficulties with speech and swallowing, leading to imaging that identified a giant apoplectic pituitary tumor.
- Urgent surgery to decompress and reduce the tumor resulted in significant improvement in her symptoms, demonstrating the potential benefits of timely surgical intervention and the need for ongoing monitoring.
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